Complementarity and ‘Resource Droughts’ of Solar and Wind Energy in Poland: An ERA5-Based Analysis

In recent years, Poland has experienced a significant increase in the installed capacity of solar and wind power plants. Renewables are gaining increasing interest not only because Poland’s obligations to European Union policies, but also they becoming cheaper. Wind energy fairly-well investigated technologies new reports quite frequently added existing research works documenting their potential issues related use. this article, we analyze spatial temporal behavior resources based on reanalysis datasets from ERA5. This been selected it appropriate resolution fits field measurements well. The presented analysis focuses availability potential/resources, so characteristics intrinsic conversion (like turbine curve) were considered. considered last 40 years (1980–2019) available data. Spearman coefficient correlation was as complementarity metric, Mann–Kendal test used assess statistical significance trends. results revealed that: between exists mostly seasonal scale is almost negligible for daily hourly observations. Moreover, joint operation exhibit smoother pattern (assessed variation). Further findings show that probability ‘resource droughts’ (periods when cumulative generation less than arbitrary threshold) lasting one day 11.5% resources, 21.3% 6.2% if both resource evaluation. situation strongly favors growth local hybrid systems, combined output would lower variability intermittency, thus decreasing storage demand and/or smoothing system operation.